Malic Acid Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition

Malic Acid Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition

Report Format: PDF+Excel | Report ID: SR112024A22561
Year End sale Buy Now

Malic Acid Prices June 2024

Product
Category Region Price
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical United States 1810 USD/MT
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical China 1630 USD/MT
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical Italy 3150 USD/MT


The malic acid prices in the United States for Q2 2024 reached 1810 USD/MT in June. Due to the low demand, the market experienced major shifts in pricing. Market sentiment remained steady, showing minimal fluctuations throughout the quarter. Even though there was a downward movement from the previous year, the steady price throughout the quarter reflected the stable demand dynamics. This consistent market scenario indicated a generally balanced environment.

The price trend for malic acid in China for Q2 2024 settled at 1630 USD/MT in June. The market encountered a challenging quarter, as excess supply and dampened demand combined with logistics complications to intensify price volatility. There were also general economic uncertainties that eroded consumer confidence, which contributed to a lack of demand from industries usually preceding it. Trade dynamics were also influenced by geopolitical matters that brought tension to an already market loaded with precarity. China’s part as a key supplier meant that these elements created ripple effects, shaping a cautious outlook for the coming months in the regional market.

In Italy, the malic acid prices for Q2 2024 reached 3150 USD/MT in June. The market displayed price consistency throughout, reflecting the stability seen across the country. Nevertheless, towards the end of the quarter, an increase in demand and new supply obstacles interrupted this pattern, leading to a notable price hike. Market participants were taken aback by this unexpected shift, as speculative buying and geopolitical influences further complicated the market's future. As a result, industry stakeholders in Italy are navigating a more dynamic environment, reflecting broader European shifts in malic acid demand and supply.

Malic Acid Prices March 2024

Product
Category Region Price
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical USA 1910 USD/MT
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical China 1770 USD/MT
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical Netherlands 2075 USD/MT


The malic acid prices in the United States for Q1 2024 reached 1910 USD/MT in March. The market witnessed fluctuating prices due to production challenges, rising freight costs, and low inventory levels. Dependence on imports from China, particularly around the Lunar New Year, added to the volatility, causing market adjustments and competitive pricing strategies.

The price trend for malic acid in China for Q1 2024, reached 1770 USD/MT in March. The market experienced a downward trend, primarily due to an oversupply in the market and weaker demand from downstream sectors. The focus on reducing inventories further pushed prices lower, reflecting broader market conditions and seasonal demand patterns.

The price trend for malic acid in Netherlands for Q1 2024, reached 2075 USD/MT in March. The market faced significant decline in prices mainly driven by reduced raw material costs and weaker demand forecasts. Strategic pricing adjustments to maintain competitiveness and inventory management efforts marked the market's response to these challenges, with some recovery noted towards the end of the quarter as trade conditions stabilized.

Malic Acid Prices December 2023

Product
Category Region Price
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical USA 1870 USD/MT
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical China 1750 USD/MT (DL Malic Acid)
Malic Acid Specialty Chemical Belgium 2810 USD/MT


The malic acid prices in the United States for Q4 2023 reached 1870 USD/MT in December. The market faced declining prices due to reduced global demand, economic uncertainties, and oversupply. The market was further affected by inventory build-ups and cautious procurement practices, alongside the ripple effects of China's pricing strategies on U.S. imports.

The price trend for malic acid in China for Q4 2023, reached 1750 USD/MT in December. The market faced a steady decline in prices towards the end of 2023, driven by weak international and domestic demand, high inventory levels, and low consumer confidence.

The price trend for malic acid in Belgium for Q4 2023, reached 2810 USD/MT in December. The market experienced notable price fluctuations. The region witnessed a rise in prices due to increased consumer demand and higher freight costs. However, ongoing inventory shortages and a volatile market environment also contributed to these price changes, making Belgium one of the most affected areas.

Regional Coverage

The report provides a detailed analysis of the malic acid market across different regions, each with unique pricing dynamics influenced by localized market conditions, supply chain intricacies, and geopolitical factors. This includes price trends, price forecast and supply and demand trends for each region, along with spot prices by major ports. The report also provides coverage of ex-works, FOB, and CIF prices, as well as the key factors influencing the malic acid price trend.

Global Malic Acid Price

The report offers a holistic view of the global malic acid pricing trends in the form of malic acid price charts, reflecting the worldwide interplay of supply-demand balances, international trade policies, and overarching economic factors that shape the market on a macro level. This comprehensive analysis not only highlights the current price but also provides insights into malic acid historical price trends, enabling stakeholders to understand past fluctuations and their underlying causes.

The report also delves into malic acid price forecast models, projecting future price movements based on a variety of indicators such as expected changes in supply chain dynamics, anticipated policy shifts, and emerging market trends. By examining these factors, the report equips industry participants with the necessary tools to make informed strategic decisions, manage risks, and capitalize on market opportunities. Furthermore, it includes a detailed malic acid demand analysis, breaking down regional variations and identifying key drivers specific to each geographic market, thus offering a nuanced understanding of the global pricing landscape.

Europe Malic Acid Price

Q2 2024:

Due to stable freight costs, controlled demand, and consistent supply, the price of malic acid in Europe first showed price stability in Q2 2024. Italy was crucial in reflecting regional patterns by keeping prices steady for the majority of the quarter. In addition, a sharp increase in demand and supply chain difficulties at the conclusion of the quarter caused prices to soar. To the surprise of industry participants, this late volatility was also exacerbated by speculative buying and changes in trade conditions.

Q1 2024:

In Q1 2024, the European malic acid market was marked by a downward trend, with prices influenced by various factors including strategic price adjustments by key importers like the Netherlands. The reduced cost of raw materials, coupled with decreased manufacturing activities in the Eurozone, led to lower malic acid prices. Seasonal factors and weakened local demand further pressured the market, resulting in significant inventory management efforts and sporadic export disruptions. Some resilience emerged by the end of the quarter due to eased trade barriers and resumed production from exporting nations.

Q4 2023:

Throughout the last quarter of 2023, the European malic acid market was characterized by fluctuating prices. Early in the quarter, a lack of demand led to stable prices, with sufficient inventories maintaining this balance. However, a sudden increase in demand in November, combined with rising freight costs and inventory shortages, caused significant price hikes, particularly in Belgium. This surge was primarily driven by improved consumer confidence and increased purchases, which strained supply chains and elevated prices across the region.

This analysis can be extended to include detailed malic acid price information for a comprehensive list of countries.

Region Countries Covered
Europe Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, Turkey, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Romania, Finland, Czech Republic, Portugal, and Greece, among other European countries.


North America Malic Acid Price

Q2 2024:

Because of a balanced market and sufficient industrial output to meet demand, malic acid prices remained stable in North America during the second quarter of 2024. This balance was strengthened by consistent demand in industries downstream and manageable inventory levels. Favorable economic conditions and steady consumer attitude helped maintain stability by preventing significant price fluctuations. Although there were minor declines in some quarters, the market showed consistent overall progress, demonstrating a strong and balanced forecast. The North American market's ability to adapt to demand without significant setbacks is demonstrated by this stability.

Q1 2024:

In the first quarter of 2024, North America's malic acid market experienced volatility with notable price increases. Factors contributing to this included declining production, maintenance shutdown, higher shipping costs, and low inventories. Additionally, dependency on Chinese imports exacerbated supply issues, especially during the Lunar New Year. Further price hikes in March resulted from geopolitical tensions and rising freight rates. Meanwhile, a mild reduction in raw material costs and lower manufacturing activity also contributed to a slight reduction in prices towards the end of the quarter.

Q4 2023:

During the last quarter of 2023, North America’s malic acid market experienced a price drop due to several factors, including reduced international demand and a build up of excess inventories in the USA. Economic uncertainties, such as inflation and potential recession fears, further pressured prices. The U.S. market, heavily reliant on imports, was significantly impacted by pricing strategies in key exporting regions, especially in China. The cautious procurement practices by buyers also contributed to the continuous decline in prices, as suppliers adjusted to lower demand levels and high inventory.

Specific malic acid historical data within the United States and Canada can also be provided.

Region Countries Covered
North America  United States and Canada


Middle East and Africa Malic Acid Price

The report explores the malic acid pricing trends in the Middle East and Africa, considering factors like regional industrial growth, the availability of natural resources, and geopolitical tensions that uniquely influence market prices.

In addition to region-wise data, information on malic acid prices for countries can also be provided.

Region Countries Covered
Middle East & Africa Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, Iran, South Africa, Nigeria, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco, among other Middle Eastern and African countries.


Asia Pacific Malic Acid Price

Q2 2024:

The Asia-Pacific malic acid market faced considerable turbulence during Q2 2024, with China experiencing the most pronounced challenges. An oversupply in the region, likely from enhanced production capacities, collided with weaker demand, leading to volatility across the market. Logistics issues, including port congestion and other transportation difficulties, added strain to the supply chain, while geopolitical tensions contributed to trade restrictions that complicated market dynamics. Widespread economic uncertainties further weakened consumer confidence, impacting demand from industries relying on malic acid.

Q1 2024:

In Q1 2024, malic acid prices across the APAC region remained relatively stable but saw variations in some countries. China, in particular, faced a consistent price drop, driven by a surplus supply and reduced demand both domestically and internationally. Destocking efforts by market participants further contributed to the downward pressure. The seasonal declining demand from downstream industries also played a part in this trend, exacerbating the overall decrease in prices across the region.

Q4 2023:

In Q4 2023, malic acid prices in the Asia-Pacific region declined steadily due to oversupply and weak market sentiment. China, a dominant market player, saw substantial price reductions amid low demand from both local and international consumers. This price drop was further fueled by high inventory levels and subdued consumer confidence. Despite a temporary increase in industrial activity, China's malic acid market continued to struggle with oversupply and weak foreign demand, which in turn resulted into notable price decreases. The pricing trends were also influenced by the stable cost of raw materials like maleic anhydride, which remained unaffected despite the changing market dynamics.

This malic acid price analysis can be expanded to include a comprehensive list of countries within the region.

Region Countries Covered
Asia Pacific China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Hongkong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand, among other Asian countries.


Latin America Malic Acid Price

The analysis of malic acid prices in Latin America provides a detailed overview, reflecting the unique market dynamics in the region influenced by economic policies, industrial growth, and trade frameworks.

This comprehensive review can be extended to include specific countries within the region.

Region Countries Covered
Latin America Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, among other Latin American countries. 


Malic Acid Price Trend, Market Analysis, and News

IMARC’s newly published report, titled “Malic Acid Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition,” offers an in-depth analysis of malic acid pricing, covering an analysis of global and regional market trends and the critical factors driving these price movements.

It encompasses an in-depth review of spot price of malic acid at major ports, a breakdown of prices including Ex Works, FOB, and CIF, alongside a region-wise dissection of malic acid price trend across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa.

The report examines the elements influencing malic acid price fluctuations, such as changes in raw material costs, supply-demand dynamics, geopolitical factors, and industry-specific developments. Additionally, it integrates the latest market news, providing stakeholders with up-to-date information on market shifts, regulatory changes, and technological advancements, thereby offering a comprehensive overview that aids in strategic decision-making and forecasting.

Malic Acid Price Trenfd

Malic Acid Market Analysis

The global malic acid market size reached US$ 222.3 Million in 2023. By 2032, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 330.4 Million, at a projected CAGR of 4.40% during 2023-2032.

  • The food and beverage industry are the leading consumers of malic acid wherein it is used as a flavor enhancer and preservative. In line with this, market players are introducing product advancements for these applications.
  • The personal care and cosmetics industry is also a significant player in the malic acid market. The exfoliating and pH-regulating effects of malic acid make it a useful ingredient of skin care products, leading to the improvement of skin texture and appearance. As per the finding by IMARC Group, the global beauty and personal care products market size will reach US$ 759.3 Billion by 2032, growing at 4.5% during 2024-2032. With the growing shift toward natural and sustainable ingredients, the demand for malic acid for personal care and cosmetics products is projected increase.
  • In addition, biotechnology improvements have allowed the low-cost production of malic acid through fermentative processes, thus making it accessible and attractive for a number of applications. This development of technology and increase in consumer knowledge of natural and organic ingredients is significantly contributing to the growth of the market. Furthermore, the growing pharmaceutical sector, where malic acid is employed to improve the taste of medicines and stabilize active ingredients, is leading the market toward growth.

Malic Acid News

The report covers the latest developments, updates, and trends impacting the global malic acid market, providing stakeholders with timely and relevant information. This segment covers a wide array of news items, including the inauguration of new production facilities, advancements in malic acid production technologies, strategic market expansions by key industry players, and significant mergers and acquisitions that impact the malic acid price trend.

Latest developments in the malic acid industry:

  • June 2024: Anhui Huaheng Biology Company Ltd. (AHB) developed Bioscentis MA, a bio-based L-malic acid product developed under its Bioscentis brand. It offers a soft, long-lasting sour taste ideal for beverages, confectionery, and baking. Bioscentis MA is made from renewable corn, uses green electricity, and reduces CO2 emissions by 0.33 tons per ton produced. It has a 1.2 times higher acidity than citric acid.
  • September 2023: Dialog Group Berhad is investing in a specialty chemical plant to produce malic acid in Gebeng, Kuantan, Malaysia. The plant will have a production capacity of approximately 12,000 metric tons per annum and an investment value of around USD80 million. The plant will supply malic acid to major customers and distributors in Malaysia and overseas. DIALOG will undertake the engineering, procurement, construction and commissioning (EPCC) of the plant, which is expected to be completed in Q2 2026.
  • September 2023: Bartek Ingredients, a leading global manufacturer of malic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic anhydride, is on track to deliver its new facility by September 2024. The project, which broke ground in January 2023, will double Bartek's production capacity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 80% per unit.

Product Description

Malic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6O5, is an organic compound found naturally in many fruits, and it is best known as one of the principal constituents of apples. It is tart in flavor and is used as a food additive to improve flavor profile and control pH balance in beverages, confections, and fruit preparations. Apart from its culinary applications, malic acid performs an essential function in the Krebs cycle, the principal energy producing process in all living cells.

This organic compound is produced commercially in natural form through extraction from fruits as well as in synthetic form using chemical synthesis, targeting numerous applications. It is a white crystalline powder with high solubility in water and ethanol and hence, is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for making sour candies, anti-aging treatment products, etc. Its ability to easily combine with other substances also makes it popular in health supplements as a chelating agent and other industrial applications.

Report Coverage

Key Attributes Details
Product Name Malic Acid 
Report Features Exploration of Historical Trends and Market Outlook, Industry Demand, Industry Supply, Gap Analysis, Challenges, Malic Acid Price Analysis, and Segment-Wise Assessment.
Currency/Units US$ (Data can also be provided in local currency) or Metric Tons
Region/Countries Covered The current coverage includes analysis at the global and regional levels only. 
 
Based on your requirements, we can also customize the report and provide specific information for the following countries: 
 
Asia Pacific: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Hongkong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand*
 
Europe: Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, Turkey, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Romania, Finland, Czech Republic, Portugal and Greece* 
 
North America: United States and Canada

Latin America: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru*

Middle East & Africa: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, Iran, South Africa, Nigeria, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco*

*The list of countries presented is not exhaustive. Information on additional countries can be provided if required by the client.
Information Covered for Key Suppliers
  • Company Overview
  • Business Description
  • Product Portfolio
  • Recent Trends and Developments
Customization Scope The report can be customized as per the requirements of the customer
Report Price and Purchase Option

Plan A: Monthly Updates - Annual Subscription

  • Scope
    • Historical Data for the Current Month
    • Forecast for Next Month
  • Total Deliverables Per Year: 12 (One Per Month)
  • Includes: One PDF and Excel datasheet per month, Post Purchase Analyst Support throughout the year

Plan B: Quarterly Updates - Annual Subscription

  • Scope
    • Historical Data for the Current Quarter
    • Forecast for Next Quarter
  • Total Deliverables Per Year: 4 (One Per Quarter)
  • Includes: One PDF and Excel datasheet per Quarter, Post Purchase Analyst Support throughout the year

Plan C: Biannually Updates - Annual Subscription

  • Scope
    • Historical Data for the Current Half
    • Forecast for the Next Half
  • Total Deliverables Per Year: 2 (One Per 6 Months)
  • Includes: One PDF and Excel datasheet per Half, Post Purchase Analyst Support throughout the year
Post-Sale Analyst Support  360-degree analyst support after report delivery
Delivery Format PDF and Excel through email (We can also provide the editable version of the report in PPT/Word format on special request) 


Key Benefits for Stakeholders:

  • IMARC’s report presents a detailed analysis of malic acid pricing, covering global and regional trends, spot prices at key ports, and a breakdown of Ex Works, FOB, and CIF prices.
  • The study examines factors affecting malic acid price trend, including raw material costs, supply-demand shifts, geopolitical impacts, and industry developments, offering insights for informed decision-making.
  • The competitive landscape review equips stakeholders with crucial insights into the latest market news, regulatory changes, and technological advancements, ensuring a well-rounded, strategic overview for forecasting and planning.
  • IMARC offers various subscription options, including monthly, quarterly, and biannual updates, allowing clients to stay informed with the latest market trends, ongoing developments, and comprehensive market insights. The malic acid price charts ensure our clients remain at the forefront of the industry.

Need more help?

  • Speak to our experienced analysts for insights on the current market scenarios.
  • Include additional segments and countries to customize the report as per your requirement.
  • Gain an unparalleled competitive advantage in your domain by understanding how to utilize the report and positively impacting your operations and revenue.
  • For further assistance, please connect with our analysts.
Malic Acid Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition
Purchase Options Year End sale
For 2 Deliverables, Billed Annually

For 4 Deliverables, Billed Annually

For 12 Deliverables, Billed Annually


Benefits of Customization

Personalize this research

Triangulate with your data

Get data as per your format and definition

Gain a deeper dive into a specific application, geography, customer, or competitor

Any level of personalization

Get in Touch With Us
UNITED STATES

Phone: +1-631-791-1145

INDIA

Phone: +91-120-433-0800

UNITED KINGDOM

Phone: +44-753-714-6104

Email: sales@imarcgroup.com

Client Testimonials

Aktive Services

IMARC made the whole process easy. Everyone I spoke with via email was polite, easy to deal with, kept their promises regarding delivery timelines and were solutions focused. From my first contact, I was grateful for the professionalism shown by the whole IMARC team. I recommend IMARC to all that need timely, affordable information and advice. My experience with IMARC was excellent and I can not fault it.

Read More
Greenfish S.A.

The IMARC team was very reactive and flexible with regard to our requests. A very good overall experience. We are happy with the work that IMARC has provided, very complete and detailed. It has contributed to our business needs and provided the market visibility that we required

Read More
Colruyt Group

We were very happy with the collaboration between IMARC and Colruyt. Not only were your prices competitive, IMARC was also pretty fast in understanding the scope and our needs for this project. Even though it was not an easy task, performing a market research during the COVID-19 pandemic, you were able to get us the necessary information we needed. The IMARC team was very easy to work with and they showed us that it would go the extra mile if we needed anything extra

Read More
KRISHAK BHARATI CO-OP LTD

Last project executed by your team was as per our expectations. We also would like to associate for more assignments this year. Kudos to your team.

Read More
Zee Media Corp. Ltd.

We would be happy to reach out to IMARC again, if we need Market Research/Consulting/Consumer Research or any associated service. Overall experience was good, and the data points were quite helpful.

Read More
Arabian Plastic Manufacturing Company Ltd.

The figures of market study were very close to our assumed figures. The presentation of the study was neat and easy to analyse. The requested details of the study were fulfilled. My overall experience with the IMARC Team was satisfactory.

Read More
Sumitomo Corporation

The overall cost of the services were within our expectations. I was happy to have good communications in a timely manner. It was a great and quick way to have the information I needed.

Read More
Hameln Rds

My questions and concerns were answered in a satisfied way. The costs of the services were within our expectations. My overall experience with the IMARC Team was very good.

Read More
Quality Consultants BV

I agree the report was timely delivered, meeting the key objectives of the engagement. We had some discussion on the contents, adjustments were made fast and accurate. The response time was minimum in each case. Very good. You have a satisfied customer.

Read More
TATA Advanced Systems Limited

We would be happy to reach out to IMARC for more market reports in the future. The response from the account sales manager was very good. I appreciate the timely follow ups and post purchase support from the team. My overall experience with IMARC was good.

Read More
Stax

IMARC was a good solution for the data points that we really needed and couldn't find elsewhere. The team was easy to work, quick to respond, and flexible to our customization requests.

Read More
DEinternational Egypt

IMARC did an outstanding job in preparing our study. They were punctual and precise, delivering all the data we required in a clear and well-organized format. Their attention to detail and ability to meet deadlines was impressive, making them a reliable partner for our project.

Read More
Gulf Excellent Group

I wanted to express my sincere appreciation for your efforts in handling this matter. Your dedication and commitment have truly been commendable. It is evident that you have put in a tremendous amount of hard work and expertise into resolving the issues at hand. I would also like to take this opportunity to inform you that we are greatly interested

Read More
FS Corporation Inc.

Overall, the deliverable was well organized and my experience with the project team was good. In particular, I appreciated how they responded when I requested additional information and the Japanese version.

Read More
Egyptian Industrial Investment Group

The IMARC team were extremely professional and very cooperative. The team were also extremely flexible in making changes and modifications wherever required. The entire experience right from project kick-off to after sales support was fruitful and smooth.

Read More
Vishnu Chemicals

I’d like to express my gratitude for the work you accomplished with the industry report. The way you responded to the requirements and delivered under tight timelines shows your expertise, exceptional work ethic and commitment to your customer’s success. The entire team and company are incredibly thankful for your dedication. Once again, thank you

Read More
MOUNT EVEREST BREWERIES LIMITED

The market reports from IMARC have been instrumental in guiding our business strategies. We found the reports comprehensive and data-driven, which helped us make informed decisions. The detailed insights and actionable data have consistently provided us with a competitive edge in a rapidly changing alcohol market.

Read More
Borges Branded Foods

One of the best things about IMARC is their flexibility and predisposition to tailor the reports and adapt to our needs. They are not just great in their researching and consulting solutions, but their service is unparallelled. We’ve worked with them a couple of times and we will keep working with them in future projects.

Read More
Godrej Consumer Products Limited

We recently commissioned multiple market research reports from IMARC, and the insights we received were invaluable. The depth of analysis, accuracy of data, and actionable recommendations have greatly enhanced our strategic decision-making.

Read More
ADC Therapeutics

The market estimates provided by your team were pretty much in line with what we were theorizing internally. Really appreciate the work on this.

Read More
Ivanti

The sale account manager and the service was excellent. The data and market trends gathered from the report was insightful and really assisted while planning future product and growth strategies.

Read More
Asiatic Electrical & Switchgear P. Ltd.

The report is excellent and has good amount of data and our team is extremely happy with the information provided.

Read More
Denka Co., Ltd.

Thank you very much for your cooperation and post purchase support. We were really happy with the final deliverable, and the takeaways from the report.

Read More