Butanediol Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition

Butanediol Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition

Report Format: PDF+Excel | Report ID: SR112024A22418
Year End sale Buy Now

Butanediol Prices June 2024

Product
Category Region Price
Butanediol Petrochemicals USA 1220 USD/MT
Butanediol Petrochemicals Germany 140 USD/MT


The butanediol prices in the United States for Q2 2024 reached 1220 USD/MT in June. The region's butanediol costs initially increased as a result of robust production as well as better financial conditions, which increased the supply of products that were finished. Nevertheless, an excess supply in the latter half, driven by increased manufacturing, imports, and weakened downstream demand, creating a mixed price trend.

In Germany, the butanediol prices for Q2 2024 reached 140 USD/MT in June. The market's prices showed a range of dynamics, with early gains being fueled by a robust-than-anticipated financial recuperation and high requirement in downstream sectors. However, seasonal inventory buildup and decreased demand from the coatings and building industries resulted in surplus supply, which put downward pressure on pricing towards the end of the quarter.

Butanediol Prices March 2024

Product
Category Region Price
Butanediol Petrochemicals USA 1766 USD/MT
Butanediol Petrochemicals South Korea 1158 USD/MT
Butanediol Petrochemicals Germany 1831 USD/MT


The butanediol prices in the United States for Q1 2024 reached 1766 USD/MT in March. Butanediol cost in the region rose due to plant closures, supply chain limitations and unavailability of raw materials, which created a tighter market. This upward pricing trend persisted throughout the quarter, demonstrating a steady yet challenging market environment for butanediol.

The price trend for butanediol in South Korea for Q1 2024 settled at 1158 USD/MT in March. The market faced a substantial downturn in the first quarter of 2024 due to minimal requirement from the building industry, reduced procurement during the Spring Festival in China, and continuous maintenance closures. This contributed to a noticeable price decline, with the overall trend for the quarter remaining negative.

In Germany, the butanediol prices for Q1 2024 reached 1831 USD/MT in March. The market in the region experienced price volatility in Q1 2024, driven by supply limitations, strong demand in automobile and building, and rising feedstock costs. Although early-quarter demand supported prices, a general negative trend emerged, ending the quarter with a softer pricing environment.

Butanediol Prices December 2023

Product
Category Region Price
Butanediol Petrochemicals USA 1,573 USD/MT
Butanediol Petrochemicals South Korea 1,348 USD/MT
Butanediol Petrochemicals Germany 1,783 USD/MT


The butanediol prices in the United States for Q4 2023 reached 1,573 USD/MT in December. During Q4 2023, the U.S. butanediol market experienced price shifts primarily due to constrained feedstock supplies, particularly Maleic Anhydride, which drove up production costs. Despite these challenges, demand from downstream sectors like construction remained moderate, influenced by rising mortgage rates and limited housing availability, which dampened overall market activity.

The price trend for butanediol in South Korea for Q4 2023, reached 1,348 USD/MT in December. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the butanediol market in South Korea experienced a decline, driven by weak trading activity across Asia. The low post-holiday demand, combined with cautious market behavior, led to downward price trends. Challenges in the construction sector further exacerbated the market's negative performance.

The price trend for butanediol in Germany for Q4 2023, reached 1,783 USD/MT in December. The market in Germany in Q4 2023 remained stable, despite weak demand and a struggling construction sector. Easing inflation and steady feedstock prices led to this stability, with minimal changes throughout the quarter. Competition from Asian suppliers also helped maintain the market's equilibrium.

Regional Coverage

The report provides a detailed analysis of the butanediol market across different regions, each with unique pricing dynamics influenced by localized market conditions, supply chain intricacies, and geopolitical factors. This includes price trends, price forecast, and supply and demand trends for each region, along with spot prices by major ports. The report also provides coverage of ex-works, FOB, and CIF prices, as well as the key factors influencing the butanediol price trend.

Global Butanediol Price

The report offers a holistic view of the global butanediol pricing trends in the form of butanediol price charts, reflecting the worldwide interplay of supply-demand balances, international trade policies, and overarching economic factors that shape the market on a macro level. This comprehensive analysis not only highlights the current price but also provides insights into butanediol historical price trends, enabling stakeholders to understand past fluctuations and their underlying causes.

The report also delves into butanediol price forecast models, projecting future price movements based on a variety of indicators such as expected changes in supply chain dynamics, anticipated policy shifts, and emerging market trends. By examining these factors, the report equips industry participants with the necessary tools to make informed strategic decisions, manage risks, and capitalize on market opportunities. Furthermore, it includes a detailed butanediol demand analysis, breaking down regional variations and identifying key drivers specific to each geographic market, thus offering a nuanced understanding of the global pricing landscape.

Europe Butanediol Price

Q2 2024:

The market for butanediol in Europe saw a range of changes in Q2 2024. Germany's financial recuperation and increased demand in the polyurethane and PBT resin industries were the main drivers of the initial price hikes. The market was constrained by supply restrictions brought on by seasonal factors, manufacturing problems, and logistical interruptions, and production costs were raised by the rising prices of feedstocks including maleic anhydride and n-butane. However, since demand deteriorated in important industries including construction, paints, and coatings, leading to excess inventories, prices fell towards the end of the quarter. As the quarter came to an end, a pessimistic prognosis was strengthened by the excess supply, which was further increased by stable feedstock prices and decreased export volumes.

Q1 2024:

The European butanediol market, notably in Germany, experienced a difficult and volatile pricing environment in the first quarter of 2024. Early in the quarter, supply shortages, growing requirement from the construction and vehicle manufacturing sectors, and rising feedstock costs drove up prices. However, pricing instability was exacerbated by shifting raw material prices, especially for propylene. Germany's robust sectoral requirement for butanediol, especially in the automobile industry, led to significant price changes. The quarter ended on a bearish note, as inventory levels rose and prices trended downwards, underscoring a negative market sentiment across Europe’s BDO sector.

Q4 2023:

The Europe market during Q4 2023 remained steady, supported by constant imports and a shortage of new inquiries keeping prices steady. Intense competition from markets in Asia also played a role in this stability. Weak demand in the construction sector, particularly in Germany, influenced market dynamics, as inflation pressures eased and the consumer price index (CPI) reflected lower inflation. In Italy, the confidence of the business continued to decline. Despite a slight increase in feedstock costs, prices for Butanediol in both the UK and Germany remained unchanged, reflecting a period of relative market stability.

This analysis can be extended to include detailed butanediol price information for a comprehensive list of countries.

Region Countries Covered
Europe Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, Turkey, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Romania, Finland, Czech Republic, Portugal, and Greece, among other European countries.


North America Butanediol Price

Q2 2024:

North American butanediol prices showed a range of shifts in Q2 2024, driven by both supply and economic gains. BDO prices grew early in the quarter due to increased production and economic activity, which increased the supply of end-use products. Despite a drop in building spending and fluctuations in energy supply levels, heightened propylene rates from Q1 further increased production costs. Nonetheless, due to decreased production activity and expected global requirement, market sentiment remained positive. However, as manufacturing and import volumes increased and demand weakened, especially in the solvent and tetrahydrofuran (THF) sectors, a clear oversupply developed later in the quarter. Combined with lower n-butane feedstock costs, this inventory accumulation made it possible to render competitive price adjustments.

Q1 2024:

North American butanediol rates increased substantially in the first quarter of 2024 as a result of facility closures that reduced supply and raised prices. The limited supply was made worse by other issues such as shipping delays and shortages of raw materials, especially in the United States, where prices fluctuated the greatest in the area. Despite the market's supply constraints, prices showed a stable, positive pricing landscape, rising from the last quarter. Overall market attitude stayed upbeat, and costs continued to rise steadily from the first to the second part of the quarter.

Q4 2023:

During Q4 2023, the butanediol market in North America faced significant fluctuations, driven by supply chain challenges, notably in securing key feedstocks like Maleic Anhydride and benzene. These shortages led to increased production expenses, which in turn elevated overall market prices. The construction and paint sectors experienced a slow recovery, keeping demand at moderate levels. Additionally, many buyers engaged in destocking before the winter holidays, reducing market activity. The U.S. housing market, affected by high mortgage rates and a limited housing supply, further dampened demand. Despite these pressures, the market remained stable, with declining feedstock costs influencing the pricing trends.

Specific butanediol historical data within the United States and Canada can also be provided.

Region Countries Covered
North America United States and Canada


Middle East and Africa Butanediol Price

The report explores the butanediol pricing trends in the Middle East and Africa, considering factors like regional industrial growth, the availability of natural resources, and geopolitical tensions that uniquely influence market prices.

In addition to region-wise data, information on butanediol prices for countries can also be provided.

Region Countries Covered
Middle East and Africa Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, Iran, South Africa, Nigeria, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco, among other Middle Eastern and African countries.


Asia Pacific Butanediol Price

Q2 2024:

In the second quarter of 2024, the Asia-Pacific butanediol (BDO) market experienced a varied pricing environment shaped by both market dynamics and external factors. Early in the quarter, demand remained soft across industries, particularly in paints, coatings, and construction, reflecting an economic slowdown and low activity due to seasonal closures, notably in China. Limited growth in demand paired with consistent costs for propylene kept prices subdued. However, as the quarter advanced, demand gradually picked up, impelled by seasonal increases in construction-related applications, which, along with steady feedstock prices, pushed production prices upward. Inflationary trends and fluctuations in the prices of natural gas added to the gradual upward pressure, with the quarter ending on a cautiously optimistic note as the market stabilized amid these shifting factors.

Q1 2024:

The Asia-Pacific area saw a primarily pessimistic trend for butanediol prices in the first quarter of 2024, influenced by weak demand and economic slowdowns. Requirement from downstream sectors, specially building, was limited, with the Spring Festival vacation in China decreasing consumption activity. Chinese producers also underwent maintenance closures, adding to the lower demand scenario. South Korea recorded the steepest price declines, highlighting a sharp contrast in pricing compared to other regional markets. Overall, Q1 in APAC ended with a significant downtrend in butanediol prices, led by soft demand and economic factors affecting both China and South Korea.

Q4 2023:

During the Q4 of 2023, the Asia Pacific market remained steady, with fixed supply levels and muted post-holiday demand contributing to price stability. In China, the market was challenged by careful trading behavior and a decrease in demand from industries like cement as well as construction, which were under significant pressure. India's decision to stop the latest coal power plants for five years also affected Butanediol demand, particularly in energy-related industries. In South Korea, prices dropped notably due to slow trading across Asia. The region's overall negative price trend reflected both seasonal factors and broader market weaknesses.

This butanediol price analysis can be expanded to include a comprehensive list of countries within the region.

Region Countries Covered
Asia Pacific China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Hongkong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand, among other Asian countries.


Latin America Butanediol Price

The analysis of butanediol prices in Latin America provides a detailed overview, reflecting the unique market dynamics in the region influenced by economic policies, industrial growth, and trade frameworks.

This comprehensive review can be extended to include specific countries within the region.

Region Countries Covered
Latin America Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, among other Latin American countries.


Butanediol Price Trend, Market Analysis, and News

IMARC’s newly published report, titled “Butanediol Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition,” offers an in-depth analysis of butanediol pricing, covering an analysis of global and regional market trends and the critical factors driving these price movements.

It encompasses an in-depth review of spot price of butanediol at major ports, a breakdown of prices including Ex Works, FOB, and CIF, alongside a region-wise dissection of butanediol price trend across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa.

The report examines the elements influencing butanediol price fluctuations, such as changes in raw material costs, supply-demand dynamics, geopolitical factors, and industry-specific developments. Additionally, it integrates the latest market news, providing stakeholders with up-to-date information on market shifts, regulatory changes, and technological advancements, thereby offering a comprehensive overview that aids in strategic decision-making and forecasting.

Butanediol Price Trend

Butanediol Market Analysis

The global butanediol market size reached US$ 12.7 Billion in 2023. By 2032, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 25.7 Billion, at a projected CAGR of 8.20% during 2023-2032.

  • Butanediol is largely utilized as a key raw material in the production of polyurethane, which has extensive applications in the construction, automotive, and furniture sectors.
  • It is also gaining traction as a precursor to tetrahydrofuran (THF), which is used in the manufacturing of spandex fibers, elastane fibers, and solvents.
  • The growing focus on sustainable practices and environmental regulations are driving research and development (R&D) activities to produce butanediol from renewable feedstocks.
  • Butanediol production is showing an upward trajectory because of its growing use in the automotive interiors, exterior parts, and under-the-hood components.
  • The market share is also expanding due to the increasing use of butanediol in the chemical, automotive, and construction sectors, owing to rising industrialization and urbanization in emerging nations. According to the World Bank report 2023, it is projected that around 50% of the population lives in urban areas, which is expected to increase by 1.5 times to 6 billion by 2045.
  • Butanediol production has also witnessed a considerable rise due to the escalating demand for high-performance polymers with superior mechanical properties and resistance to heat, chemicals, and abrasion.
  • A positive trend for the market is also being created by the increased use of butanediol in beauty and personal care products on account of its moisturizing and solvent properties. As per IMARC Group’s market report, the global beauty and personal care products market is expected to reach US$ 759.3 Billion by 2032. 
  • The market is also expanding due to the infrastructural development initiatives across numerous regions, thereby catalyzing the demand for butanediol-based products like thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for applications in pipes, cables, and coatings.

Butanediol News

The report covers the latest developments, updates, and trends impacting the global butanediol market, providing stakeholders with timely and relevant information. This segment covers a wide array of news items, including the inauguration of new production facilities, advancements in butanediol production technologies, strategic market expansions by key industry players, and significant mergers and acquisitions that impact the butanediol price trend.

Latest developments in the butanediol industry:

  • In 2022, BASF SE, the largest chemical producer in the world, along with Henkel, a German multinational chemical and consumer goods company, jointly announced to replace carbon feedstock obtained through fossil fuels with renewable feedstock over the coming years.
  • In 2021, Genomatica, a Californian biotech company licensed its GENO BDO biomanufacturing process technology to Cargill, to produce renewable 1,4-butanediol (BDO).

Product Description

Butanediol is a colorless and odorless liquid with a slightly sweet taste. It is a non-natural product manufactured from petroleum goods, and it can also be manufactured from renewable resources like biomass. It is a pioneer in the manufacturing of various polymers, including polyurethanes, polyester resins, and thermoplastic polyesters.

Butanediol is an effective solvent for various substances, making it beneficial in industrial cleaning, paint, and coating formulations. It is used to make paint thinner, floor stripper, and as a component in ink production. Besides this, in the cosmetic and personal care industry, BOD is utilized as a humectant, providing moisture retention properties to formulations like lotions, creams, and hair care products. Moreover, BOD is employed to stimulate growth hormone production and muscle growth, and for bodybuilding, weight loss, and insomnia.

Report Coverage

Key Attributes Details
Product Name Butanediol
Report Features Exploration of Historical Trends and Market Outlook, Industry Demand, Industry Supply, Gap Analysis, Challenges, Butanediol Price Analysis, and Segment-Wise Assessment.
Currency/Units US$ (Data can also be provided in local currency) or Metric Tons
Region/Countries Covered The current coverage includes analysis at the global and regional levels only. 
 
Based on your requirements, we can also customize the report and provide specific information for the following countries: 
 
Asia Pacific: China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Hongkong, Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand*
 
Europe: Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Russia, Turkey, Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Romania, Finland, Czech Republic, Portugal and Greece* 
 
North America: United States and Canada

Latin America: Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru*

Middle East & Africa: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, Iran, South Africa, Nigeria, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco*

*The list of countries presented is not exhaustive. Information on additional countries can be provided if required by the client.
Information Covered for Key Suppliers
  • Company Overview
  • Business Description
  • Product Portfolio
  • Recent Trends and Developments
Customization Scope The report can be customized as per the requirements of the customer
Report Price and Purchase Option

Plan A: Monthly Updates - Annual Subscription

  • Scope
    • Historical Data for the Current Month
    • Forecast for Next Month
  • Total Deliverables Per Year: 12 (One Per Month)
  • Includes: One PDF and Excel datasheet per month, Post Purchase Analyst Support throughout the year

Plan B: Quarterly Updates - Annual Subscription

  • Scope
    • Historical Data for the Current Quarter
    • Forecast for Next Quarter
  • Total Deliverables Per Year: 4 (One Per Quarter)
  • Includes: One PDF and Excel datasheet per Quarter, Post Purchase Analyst Support throughout the year

Plan C: Biannually Updates - Annual Subscription

  • Scope
    • Historical Data for the Current Half
    • Forecast for the Next Half
  • Total Deliverables Per Year: 2 (One Per 6 Months)
  • Includes: One PDF and Excel datasheet per Half, Post Purchase Analyst Support throughout the year
Post-Sale Analyst Support  360-degree analyst support after report delivery
Delivery Format PDF and Excel through email (We can also provide the editable version of the report in PPT/Word format on special request) 


Key Benefits for Stakeholders:

  • IMARC’s report presents a detailed analysis of butanediol pricing, covering global and regional trends, spot prices at key ports, and a breakdown of Ex Works, FOB, and CIF prices.
  • The study examines factors affecting butanediol price trend, including raw material costs, supply-demand shifts, geopolitical impacts, and industry developments, offering insights for informed decision-making.
  • The competitive landscape review equips stakeholders with crucial insights into the latest market news, regulatory changes, and technological advancements, ensuring a well-rounded, strategic overview for forecasting and planning.
  • IMARC offers various subscription options, including monthly, quarterly, and biannual updates, allowing clients to stay informed with the latest market trends, ongoing developments, and comprehensive market insights. The butanediol price charts ensure our clients remain at the forefront of the industry.

Need more help?

  • Speak to our experienced analysts for insights on the current market scenarios.
  • Include additional segments and countries to customize the report as per your requirement.
  • Gain an unparalleled competitive advantage in your domain by understanding how to utilize the report and positively impacting your operations and revenue.
  • For further assistance, please connect with our analysts.
Butanediol Prices, Trend, Chart, Demand, Market Analysis, News, Historical and Forecast Data Report 2024 Edition
Purchase Options Year End sale
For 2 Deliverables, Billed Annually

For 4 Deliverables, Billed Annually

For 12 Deliverables, Billed Annually


Benefits of Customization

Personalize this research

Triangulate with your data

Get data as per your format and definition

Gain a deeper dive into a specific application, geography, customer, or competitor

Any level of personalization

Get in Touch With Us
UNITED STATES

Phone: +1-631-791-1145

INDIA

Phone: +91-120-433-0800

UNITED KINGDOM

Phone: +44-753-714-6104

Email: sales@imarcgroup.com

Client Testimonials

Aktive Services

IMARC made the whole process easy. Everyone I spoke with via email was polite, easy to deal with, kept their promises regarding delivery timelines and were solutions focused. From my first contact, I was grateful for the professionalism shown by the whole IMARC team. I recommend IMARC to all that need timely, affordable information and advice. My experience with IMARC was excellent and I can not fault it.

Read More
Greenfish S.A.

The IMARC team was very reactive and flexible with regard to our requests. A very good overall experience. We are happy with the work that IMARC has provided, very complete and detailed. It has contributed to our business needs and provided the market visibility that we required

Read More
Colruyt Group

We were very happy with the collaboration between IMARC and Colruyt. Not only were your prices competitive, IMARC was also pretty fast in understanding the scope and our needs for this project. Even though it was not an easy task, performing a market research during the COVID-19 pandemic, you were able to get us the necessary information we needed. The IMARC team was very easy to work with and they showed us that it would go the extra mile if we needed anything extra

Read More
KRISHAK BHARATI CO-OP LTD

Last project executed by your team was as per our expectations. We also would like to associate for more assignments this year. Kudos to your team.

Read More
Zee Media Corp. Ltd.

We would be happy to reach out to IMARC again, if we need Market Research/Consulting/Consumer Research or any associated service. Overall experience was good, and the data points were quite helpful.

Read More
Arabian Plastic Manufacturing Company Ltd.

The figures of market study were very close to our assumed figures. The presentation of the study was neat and easy to analyse. The requested details of the study were fulfilled. My overall experience with the IMARC Team was satisfactory.

Read More
Sumitomo Corporation

The overall cost of the services were within our expectations. I was happy to have good communications in a timely manner. It was a great and quick way to have the information I needed.

Read More
Hameln Rds

My questions and concerns were answered in a satisfied way. The costs of the services were within our expectations. My overall experience with the IMARC Team was very good.

Read More
Quality Consultants BV

I agree the report was timely delivered, meeting the key objectives of the engagement. We had some discussion on the contents, adjustments were made fast and accurate. The response time was minimum in each case. Very good. You have a satisfied customer.

Read More
TATA Advanced Systems Limited

We would be happy to reach out to IMARC for more market reports in the future. The response from the account sales manager was very good. I appreciate the timely follow ups and post purchase support from the team. My overall experience with IMARC was good.

Read More
Stax

IMARC was a good solution for the data points that we really needed and couldn't find elsewhere. The team was easy to work, quick to respond, and flexible to our customization requests.

Read More
DEinternational Egypt

IMARC did an outstanding job in preparing our study. They were punctual and precise, delivering all the data we required in a clear and well-organized format. Their attention to detail and ability to meet deadlines was impressive, making them a reliable partner for our project.

Read More
Gulf Excellent Group

I wanted to express my sincere appreciation for your efforts in handling this matter. Your dedication and commitment have truly been commendable. It is evident that you have put in a tremendous amount of hard work and expertise into resolving the issues at hand. I would also like to take this opportunity to inform you that we are greatly interested

Read More
FS Corporation Inc.

Overall, the deliverable was well organized and my experience with the project team was good. In particular, I appreciated how they responded when I requested additional information and the Japanese version.

Read More
Egyptian Industrial Investment Group

The IMARC team were extremely professional and very cooperative. The team were also extremely flexible in making changes and modifications wherever required. The entire experience right from project kick-off to after sales support was fruitful and smooth.

Read More
Vishnu Chemicals

I’d like to express my gratitude for the work you accomplished with the industry report. The way you responded to the requirements and delivered under tight timelines shows your expertise, exceptional work ethic and commitment to your customer’s success. The entire team and company are incredibly thankful for your dedication. Once again, thank you

Read More
MOUNT EVEREST BREWERIES LIMITED

The market reports from IMARC have been instrumental in guiding our business strategies. We found the reports comprehensive and data-driven, which helped us make informed decisions. The detailed insights and actionable data have consistently provided us with a competitive edge in a rapidly changing alcohol market.

Read More
Borges Branded Foods

One of the best things about IMARC is their flexibility and predisposition to tailor the reports and adapt to our needs. They are not just great in their researching and consulting solutions, but their service is unparallelled. We’ve worked with them a couple of times and we will keep working with them in future projects.

Read More
Godrej Consumer Products Limited

We recently commissioned multiple market research reports from IMARC, and the insights we received were invaluable. The depth of analysis, accuracy of data, and actionable recommendations have greatly enhanced our strategic decision-making.

Read More
ADC Therapeutics

The market estimates provided by your team were pretty much in line with what we were theorizing internally. Really appreciate the work on this.

Read More
Ivanti

The sale account manager and the service was excellent. The data and market trends gathered from the report was insightful and really assisted while planning future product and growth strategies.

Read More
Asiatic Electrical & Switchgear P. Ltd.

The report is excellent and has good amount of data and our team is extremely happy with the information provided.

Read More
Denka Co., Ltd.

Thank you very much for your cooperation and post purchase support. We were really happy with the final deliverable, and the takeaways from the report.

Read More